La salamanquesa rosada (Hemidactylus turcicus) en la península ibérica, islas Baleares e islas Canarias

Peer reviewe

Tritón del Montseny – Calotriton arnoldi Carranza y Amat, 2005

Anfibios - Orden Caudata - Familia Salamandridae en la Enciclopedia Virtual de Vertebrados Españoles, http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/. Versiones anteriores: 17-01-2006; 9-02-2012; 22-07-2014; 29-08-2014A comprehensive review of the natural history of the Montseny brook newt Calotriton arnoldi in Spain.Peer reviewe

Evidence of tail autotomy in the European plethodontid Hydromantes (Atylodes) genei (Temmick and Schlegel, 1838) (Amphibia: Urodela: Plethodontidae)

7 páginas, 1 figura.Caudal autotomy is a defensive mechanism widely adopted by lungless salamanders (Plethodontidae) from the New World. In contrast, in Europe, this mechanism was not described until very recently for just one Sardinian species, Hydromantes (Speleomantes) sarrabusensis. We report on tail autotomy observed in another species from the same island, Hydromantes (Atylodes) genei. In Europe, self-amputation of the tail seems to be restricted to some plethodontids inhabiting Sardinia, while continental species do not exhibit analogous antipredator strategies.This study was supported by grant CGL2009-11663 from the Minsterio de Ciencia e Innovación and grant 2009 SGR 1462 from the Generalita de Catalunya to SC.Peer reviewe

El papel del Estrecho de Gibraltar en la conformación de la actual fauna de anfibios y reptiles en el Mediterráneo Occidental

Peer reviewe

Evolutionary history of the genus Tarentola (Gekkota: Phyllodactylidae) from the Mediterranean Basin, estimated using multilocus sequence data

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The pronounced morphological conservatism within <it>Tarentola </it>geckos contrasted with a high genetic variation in North Africa, has led to the hypothesis that this group could represent a cryptic species complex, a challenging system to study especially when trying to define distinct evolutionary entities and address biogeographic hypotheses. In the present work we have re-examined the phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships between and within all Mediterranean species of <it>Tarentola</it>, placing the genealogies obtained into a temporal framework. In order to do this, we have investigated the sequence variation of two mitochondrial (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), and four nuclear markers (ACM4, PDC, MC1R, and RAG2) for 384 individuals of all known Mediterranean <it>Tarentola </it>species, so that their evolutionary history could be assessed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of all three generated genealogies (combined mtDNA, combined nDNA, and mtDNA+nDNA) we prefer the phylogenetic relationships obtained when all genetic markers are combined. A total of 133 individuals, and 2,901 bp of sequence length, were used in this analysis. The phylogeny obtained for <it>Tarentola </it>presents deep branches, with <it>T. annularis, T. ephippiata </it>and <it>T. chazaliae </it>occupying a basal position and splitting from the remaining species around 15.38 Mya. <it>Tarentola boehmei </it>is sister to all other Mediterranean species, from which it split around 11.38 Mya. There are also two other major groups: 1) the <it>T. mauritanica </it>complex present in North Africa and Europe; and 2) the clade formed by the <it>T. fascicularis</it>/<it>deserti </it>complex, <it>T. neglecta </it>and <it>T. mindiae</it>, occurring only in North Africa. The cladogenesis between these two groups occurred around 8.69 Mya, coincident with the late Miocene. Contrary to what was initially proposed, <it>T. neglecta </it>and <it>T. mindiae </it>are sister taxa to both <it>T. fascicularis </it>and <it>T. deserti</it>.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>At least in the Iberian Peninsula and Northwest Africa, the lineages obtained have some geographic coherency, whilst the evolutionary history of the forms from Northeast Africa remains unclear, with a paraphyletic <it>T. fascicularis </it>with respect to <it>T. deserti</it>. The separation between the <it>T. mauritanica </it>complex and the clade formed by the <it>T. fascicularis</it>/<it>deserti </it>complex, <it>T. neglecta </it>and <it>T. mindiae </it>is coincident with the uplift of the Atlas Mountain chain, and the establishment of two distinct bioclimatic regions on each side of the barrier.</p

Phylogeography of competing sexual and parthenogenetic forms of a freshwater flatworm: patterns and explanations

BACKGROUND: Models of the maintenance of sex predict that one reproductive strategy, sexual or parthenogenetic, should outcompete the other. Distribution patterns may reflect the outcome of this competition as well as the effect of chance and historical events. We review the distribution data of sexual and parthenogenetic biotypes of the planarian Schmidtea polychroa. RESULTS: S. polychroa lives in allopatry or sympatry across Europe except for Central and North-Western Europe, where sexual individuals have never been reported. A phylogenetic relationship between 36 populations based on a 385 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene revealed that haplotypes were often similar over large geographic distances. In North Italian lakes, however, diversity was extreme, with sequence differences of up to 5% within the same lake in both sexuals and parthenogens. Mixed populations showed "endemic" parthenogenetic lineages that presumably originated from coexisting sexuals, and distantly related ones that probably result from colonization by parthenogens independent from sexuals. CONCLUSIONS: Parthenogens originated repeatedly from sexuals, mainly in Italy, but the same may apply to other Mediterranean regions (Spain, Greece). The degree of divergence between populations suggests that S. polychroa survived the ice ages in separate ice-free areas in Central, Eastern and Southern Europe and re-colonised Europe after the retreat of the major glaciers. Combining these results with those based on nuclear markers, the data suggest that repeated hybridisation between sexuals and parthenogenetic lineages in mixed populations maintains high levels of genetic diversity in parthenogens. This can explain why parthenogens persist in populations that were originally sexual. Exclusive parthenogenesis in central and western populations suggests better colonisation capacity, possibly because of inbreeding costs as well as hybridisation of sexuals with parthenogens

Systematics of the Mesalina guttulata species complex (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Arabia with the description of two new species

Mesalina are small diurnal lacertid lizards inhabiting arid areas from North Africa to northwestern India. Previous phylogenetic studies have shown the existence of several species complexes within the genus, some of them with high levels of undiscovered diversity. In the present study, we carry out an integrative systematic revision of the Mesalina guttulata species complex using both molecular and morphological data from across its entire distribution range in North Africa, the Middle East and Arabia. The results of the genetic analyses indicate that M. guttulata and M. bahaeldini are two allopatric sister taxa separated by the Suez Canal and that the species complex includes a further three unnamed deep phylogenetic lineages, two of them restricted to southern and southwestern Arabia and described herein as Mesalina austroarabica sp. nov. and Mesalina arnoldi sp. nov., respectively. As a result of the lack of enough material, the third deep lineage, distributed across Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Jordan, is provisionally left undescribed. The two newly described species are characterized by their size, scale counts and tail coloration, as well as differences at the three mitochondrial and one nuclear gene analyzed in the present study

Centro de Integración Cultural para la comunidad de Huaycan – Ate

La cultura es parte fundamental de una sociedad; para que la cultura se pueda acercar, difundir, mejorar y sea de interés común, se requiere la creación de espacios que puedan facilitar la concepción de ésta. Es ahí donde la arquitectura cobra gran importancia, logrando una respuesta positiva en el usuario, contribuyendo en el desarrollo personal de cada uno y de la comunidad. En esta investigación se propone un proyecto arquitectónico de un Centro de Integración Cultural para la Comunidad Autogestionaria de Huaycán, en el distrito de Ate, Lima, Perú, este proyecto busca generar avances sociales, económicos y urbanos en respuesta a la problemática actual de los pobladores, teniendo como público objetivo: los niños, adolescentes y jóvenes, población más vulnerable. Este proyecto arquitectónico destinado a ofrecer actividades culturales y artísticas, se conceptualizó bajo la premisa de ser un espacio público, con el fin de lograr una relación directa entre la arquitectura del edificio, el entorno y el usuario; por tanto se dividió el lote del terreno en dos sectores: el primero para una plaza pública abierta y el otro sector restante para generar el volumen del edificio. El proyecto cuenta con ambientes de enseñanzas, bibliotecas, salas de presentaciones y de uso múltiple, y espacios colectivos dentro de todo el edificio

Centro de Integración Cultural para la comunidad de Huaycan – Ate

La cultura es parte fundamental de una sociedad; para que la cultura se pueda acercar, difundir, mejorar y sea de interés común, se requiere la creación de espacios que puedan facilitar la concepción de ésta. Es ahí donde la arquitectura cobra gran importancia, logrando una respuesta positiva en el usuario, contribuyendo en el desarrollo personal de cada uno y de la comunidad. En esta investigación se propone un proyecto arquitectónico de un Centro de Integración Cultural para la Comunidad Autogestionaria de Huaycán, en el distrito de Ate, Lima, Perú, este proyecto busca generar avances sociales, económicos y urbanos en respuesta a la problemática actual de los pobladores, teniendo como público objetivo: los niños, adolescentes y jóvenes, población más vulnerable. Este proyecto arquitectónico destinado a ofrecer actividades culturales y artísticas, se conceptualizó bajo la premisa de ser un espacio público, con el fin de lograr una relación directa entre la arquitectura del edificio, el entorno y el usuario; por tanto se dividió el lote del terreno en dos sectores: el primero para una plaza pública abierta y el otro sector restante para generar el volumen del edificio. El proyecto cuenta con ambientes de enseñanzas, bibliotecas, salas de presentaciones y de uso múltiple, y espacios colectivos dentro de todo el edificio